浪淘沙，原为唐教坊曲名，后用为词牌名 隋以前，社会流行清商乐，自晋代五胡乱华以后，由于战争、通商、婚姻等原因，域外的燕乐传入中土并与本土的清商乐结合，遂形成诗乐结合的大势 唐统治者更加注重吸收外来音乐以建成具有大唐特色的新乐，甚至将音乐的创造当成是民族的骄傲和国家强盛的象征 燕乐大兴，从根本上促进了唐“倚声填词”的发展，崔令钦的《教坊记》录曲名计324首，皆为开元、天宝时期社会流行歌曲 《浪淘沙》是唐教坊曲之一，据统计，现存唐诗宋词（敦煌曲子词除外）含“浪淘沙”词意的有209首，大致分三类:杂曲歌辞19首，令词182首，慢曲8首 郭茂倩《乐府诗集》卷八十二将19首《浪淘沙》列入“近代曲辞”中，《全宋词》共收录185阕 《浪淘沙》的出现与南方水边民歌有关 任半塘于《唐声诗》下编曾提出“本调原属南方水边民歌” 俗语云“大浪淘沙”，“浪”字应属水部，而“淘”基本义是“用水冲洗以除去杂质”，与水有关 据《魏书·食货志》云“又汉中有金户千余家，常于汉水沙淘金”可知“淘”与“淘金”的活动是分不开的 “饥者歌其食，劳者歌其事”为民歌起源形态之一，而“淘金”或正是说淘金人借助水流淘去泥沙而最终拾得金子，淘金人将这一活动过程加以吟咏终得“浪淘沙”小调 调意或是歌咏浪涌沙移的壮观场面，或是感慨时间流逝而金未得的失落，或是由大浪淘沙而得的对人生和生命的考量与感慨等等 据考察，唐诗宋词中所涉及的“浪淘沙”，词意均合水边或水浪相关意象，或吟咏淘金本事，或借滔滔江水以寄情遥深，或由眼前景而联想人生浮沉，无论是创调新词还是衍此调为令词慢曲，均含水意 据《魏书·食货志》中记载，淘金活动长于汉中流行 汉中郡始设于秦代，“郡临汉水之阳，南面汉山，故名汉中” 今汉中地区位于陕西省西南部，简称“汉”，北有秦岭山地，南有巴山山地，中有汉水，西接甘肃，南通四川 中国南北方分界线是秦岭——淮河一线，汉中盆地位于秦岭以南，巴山以北，故属南方，若以汉中淘金活动为始源，则《浪淘沙》调出南方 中唐刘禹锡、白居易依小调《浪淘沙》唱和而首创乐府歌辞《浪淘沙》 《全唐诗》在词部中说“唐人乐府原用律绝等诗杂和声歌之，其并和声作实字，长短其句以就曲拍者为填词” 在诗乐结合的大时代氛围中，刘、白善习民歌并依当时流行歌谣曲调而创制七言绝句体唱和《浪淘沙》，被《乐府诗集》列入“近代曲辞”中 它本是一些散佚或残损的民间乐调的杂曲，由乐府机构加以整理而得以保存的诗歌，其内容多是诗人述志感怀之作 五代南唐后主李煜衍小令《浪淘沙》，始流行长短句双调小令，亦称《浪淘沙令》 北宋柳永创长调慢曲《浪淘沙》，亦称《浪淘沙慢》 均与刘、白原词不同 考现存含“浪淘沙”调意的209首诗词，北宋《浪淘沙》词52首，大部分是作者流寓中南地区所作，仅小部分作于淮河以北黄河下游的河南地域，南宋《浪淘沙》所存134首均作于江浙皖赣地区，由此可看出，此调始源于南方歌调 浪淘沙词牌有多体 刘禹锡、白居易首创乐府歌辞《浪淘沙》，作七言绝句体 有两种格式，一为仄起式，一为平起式，四句二十八字，与七绝仄起平起式全同 此与宋人《浪淘沙令》《浪淘沙慢》不同，盖宋人借旧曲名，另倚新腔 此七言绝句也 按《浪淘沙》词创自刘、白，刘词九首与此同，惟白词六首皆拗体耳 仄起式格律对照例词：刘禹锡《浪淘沙·日照澄洲江雾开》中仄平平中仄平，中平中仄仄平平 中平中仄中平仄，中仄平平仄仄平 日照澄洲江雾开，淘金女伴满江隈 美人首饰侯王印，尽是沙中浪底来 平起式格律对照例词：皇甫松《浪淘沙·滩头细草接疏林》中平中仄仄平平，中仄平平中仄平 中仄中平平仄仄，中平中仄仄平平 滩头细草接疏林，浪恶罾舡半欲沉 宿鹭眠鸥飞旧浦，去年沙觜是江心 （说明：词牌格律与对照例词交错排列 格律使用宋体字排印，例词使用斜体字排印 词牌符号含义如下：平，表示填平声字；仄，表示填仄声字；中，表示可平可仄 句末加粗为韵脚 ）唐·刘禹锡《浪淘沙·九曲黄河万里沙》唐·刘禹锡《浪淘沙·八月涛声吼地来》唐·刘禹锡《浪淘沙·日照澄洲江雾开》唐·刘禹锡《浪淘沙·汴水东流虎眼文》唐·白居易《浪淘沙·一泊沙来一泊去》唐·白居易《浪淘沙·白浪茫茫与海连》唐·白居易《浪淘沙·青草湖中万里程》唐·白居易《浪淘沙·随波逐浪到天涯》唐·司空图《浪淘沙·不必长漂玉洞花》唐·皇甫松《浪淘沙·蛮歌豆蔻北人愁》唐·皇甫松《浪淘沙·滩头细草接疏林》清·毛奇龄《浪淘沙·仙橘山前看橘花》
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